Background：

IFN-induced antiviral protein which disrupts intracellular cholesterol homeostasis. Inhibits the entry of viruses to the host cell cytoplasm by preventing viral fusion with cholesterol depleted endosomes. May inactivate new enveloped viruses which buds out of the infected cell， by letting them go out with a cholesterol depleted membrane. Active against multiple viruses， including influenza A virus， SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV)， Marburg virus (MARV) and Ebola virus (EBOV)， Dengue virus (DNV)， West Nile virus (WNV)， human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV). Can inhibit: influenza virus hemagglutinin protein-mediated viral entry， MARV and EBOV GP1，2-mediated viral entry， SARS-CoV S protein-mediated viral entry and VSV G protein-mediated viral entry. Plays a critical role in the structural stability and function of vacuolar ATPase (v-ATPase). Establishes physical contact with the v-ATPase of endosomes which is critical for proper clathrin localization and