Background：

Atypical MAPK protein that regulates several process such as autophagy， ciliogenesis， protein trafficking/secretion and genome integrity， in a kinase activity-dependent manner. Controls both， basal and starvation-induced autophagy throught its interaction with GABARAP， MAP1LC3B and GABARAPL1 leading to autophagosome formation， SQSTM1 degradation and reduced MAP1LC3B inhibitory phosphorylation. Regulates primary cilium formation and the localization of ciliary proteins involved in cilium structure， transport， and signaling. Prevents the relocation of the sugar-adding enzymes from the Golgi to the endoplasmic reticulum， thereby restricting the production of sugar-coated proteins. Upon amino-acid starvation， mediates transitional endoplasmic reticulum site disassembly and inhibition of secretion. Binds to chromatin leading to MAPK15 activation and interaction with PCNA， that which protects genomic integrity by inhibiting MDM2-mediated degradation of PCNA. Regulates DA transporter (DAT) acti