Background：

The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the glutathione peroxidase family， members of which catalyze the reduction of hydrogen peroxide， organic hydroperoxides and lipid hydroperoxides， and thereby protect cells against oxidative damage. Several isozymes of this gene family exist in vertebrates， which vary in cellular location and substrate specificity. This isozyme has a high preference for lipid hydroperoxides and protects cells against membrane lipid peroxidation and cell death. It is also required for normal sperm development; thus， it has been identified as a ’moonlighting’ protein because of its ability to serve dual functions as a peroxidase， as well as a structural protein in mature spermatozoa. Mutations in this gene are associated with Sedaghatian type of spondylometaphyseal dysplasia (SMDS). This isozyme is also a selenoprotein， containing the rare amino acid selenocysteine (Sec) at its active site. Sec is encoded by the UGA codon， which normally signals translation terminat