After the cell or tissue is fixed with paraformaldehyde, formaldehyde or other aldehydes, the intracellular antigens will form aldehyde bonds and carboxymethyl bonds, which will block part of the antigenic determinant. At the same time, the cross-linking between proteins will make the antigenic determinant hidden, resulting in weakened staining signal during immune staining, and even some false negative staining results. Therefore, when immunohistochemical staining is performed, antigen repair or exposure is required first, that is, the cross-linking formed between molecules during fixation is destroyed, and the original spatial form of the antigen is restored. So the detection rate of antigen can be improved, the background staining can be reduced, and the accuracy of detection can be improved.

Citrate Antigen Retrieval solution (50×) is a commonly used antigen repair solution, which can be used for the antigen repair of paraffin, frozen section and other samples fixed with paraformaldehyde, formaldehyde or other aldehydes. It can effectively remove the cross-linking between proteins caused by aldehydes fixing agents, and fully expose the epitopes in paraffin sections and other samples, thus greatly improving the effect of immunostaining.

Usually paraffin sections need to be treated with antigen repair, while frozen sections can not be treated with antigen repair. Antigen repair can improve the immunostaining effect of paraffin section and the staining effect of frozen section. When the immunostaining effect of frozen section is not satisfactory, antigen repair should be considered.

According to the calculation of 10ml antigen repair solution (1×) required for each film, 100ml antigen repair solution (50×) can be used for antigen repair of 500 samples.

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