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Cell cycle refers to the whole process of continuous division of cells from the end of one mitosis to the end of the next. In this process, the genetic material of the cell replicates and doubles, and is evenly distributed among the two daughter cells at the end of division. The cell cycle can be divided into interphase and mitotic phase. The interphase is often divided into dormant phase (G0), early stage of DNA synthesis (G1), DNA synthesis phase (S) and late DNA synthesis stage (G2). The whole cycle can be expressed as G1→S→G2→M. DNA cycle detection can be used to reflect the status of each stage of the cell cycle, that is, cell proliferation. Taking advantage of the characteristic that intracellular DNA can bind to fluorescent dyes (such as propidium iodide, PI), the content of DNA in different stages of cells is different, so the binding fluorescent dyes are different, and the fluorescence intensity detected by flow cytometry is different.
When apoptosis occurs, the light scattering properties of cells are changed due to the condensation of cytoplasm and chromatin, nuclear lysis and the production of apoptotic bodies. In the early stage of apoptosis, the ability of cells to scatter forward angular light decreased significantly, while the ability to scatter 90° angular light increased or did not change. In the late stage of apoptosis, the light scattering signals of forward angle and 90° angle decreased. Therefore, apoptotic cells can be observed by measuring the changes of light scattering by flow cytometry. When the apoptotic cells were stained with PI, due to the decrease of the total DNA, the DNA low staining cell group appeared in front of the normal G0/G1 cell group, that is, the subdiploid peak (sub-G1) appeared before the G1 peak, that is, the apoptosis group.
This kit can be used to detect the DNA content (cell cycle) of cultured cells (suspension and adhesion).
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