Simulated body fluid is often abbreviated as SBF or Kokubo solution. This product was developed by Kokubo and colleagues and belongs to a non-cellular mimetic body fluid with inorganic ion concentrations similar to those of human extracellular fluids, with the aim of replicating hydroxyapatite formation on bioactive materials in vitro. This solution can be used not only to evaluate the bioactivity of artificial materials in vitro, but also to apatite-coat various materials under biomimetic conditions.

SBF simulated body fluids were mainly composed of sodium chloride, potassium oxide, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, magnesium chloride, calcium oxide, and Tris. And sodium bicarbonate, pH=7.4, the simulated body fluid was designed based on the ion concentration of human plasma as a template for testing the biological activity of the material.

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