Fluorescence spectrum:
Abs/Em (in MeOH): 510/625nm

Product introduction:
Neurotip probes are a series of cationic styrene based fluorescent dyes used to track the synaptic activity of neuromuscular connections or synapses. These dyes typically have lipophilic tails (two carbon chains) and highly hydrophilic heads with cations. The NerveRedTM series probes are dyes with three double bonds. Cationic styrene based dyes function by staining synaptic vesicles in an activity dependent manner. When dyes co incubate with cells or tissues, the aqueous part of the dye does not show fluorescence, while the lipophilic tail of the dye inserts into the cell membrane and exhibits strong fluorescence. After nerve stimulation, during endocytosis, the dye is encapsulated within the vesicles. Therefore, after washing away the dye attached to the cell surface, the strength of the fluorescence signal indicates the number of newly formed vesicles. On the contrary, during exocytosis, dyes and neurotransmitters are released together from the vesicles, leading to a decrease in fluorescence signals. Therefore, changes in fluorescence intensity reflect the situation of endocytosis/exocytosis or synaptic activity. The rate of fluorescence increase during endocytosis - the "binding rate" and the rate of fluorescence decrease during exocytosis - the "dissociation rate" vary depending on the type of dye. Typically, dyes with longer lipophilic tails and more double bonds have a higher affinity for membranes, resulting in higher binding rates and lower dissociation rates.

Method of use:
This product is equivalent to FM1-43. NerveGreenTM C4 is a widely used green fluorescent dye that tracks synaptic activity by staining synaptic vesicles or neuromuscular junctions. By combining the use of the red fluorescent dye NerveRedTM, synapses and neuromuscular junctions can be independently imaged in two colors.

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