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β-glucuronidase (β-GD, EC 3.2.1.31)，a lysosomal acid hydrolase responsible for catalyzing the depolymerization of β-D-glucuronide, has become a feasible molecular target for a variety of therapeutic applications. The enzyme is widely distributed in mammalian tissues, body fluids, and microbiota, and can also be found in plants, fish, insects, and mollusks. For humans, the enzyme can be used as a reliable biomarker for tumor diagnosis and clinical treatment evaluation due to increased expression of β-GD in necrotic areas and other body fluids in patients with different forms of cancer, such as breast cancer, cervical cancer, colon cancer, lung cancer, kidney cancer and leukemia.
β-glucuronidase can catalyze the substrate 4-nitrophenyl-β-D-glucuronide to produce p-Nitrophenol, which has a characteristic absorption peak at 405 nm. Because the absorbance value of p-nitrophenol is proportional to the content, the enzyme activity of β-glucuronidase can be calculated by measuring the content of p-nitrophenol produced per unit time.
